This is a method to insert a fluorescence labeled amino acid into a targeted position of a protein. The resultant protein makes proteomics simpler than ever before.
How does it work? First, three bases codon of mRNA will be replaced by four bases codon. Second, artificial tRNA will be prepared by tRNA having anti-codon to the four bases codon and the fluorescence labeled amino acid.
The artificial tRNA recognizes and specifically binds to the four bases codon in ribosome. That is how the fluorescence labeled amino acid will be inserted into the protein.
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